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Entre biais cognitifs, désinformation et réseaux sociaux, que signifie réellement penser par soi-même ?",null,false,{"og":10,"thumbnail":13,"header":22},{"id":14,"name":15,"alt":10,"caption":10,"url":16,"mime_type":17,"size":18,"width":19,"height":19,"file_name":20,"created_at":21},66,"vignette-actu-esprit-critique","\u002Fimages\u002Fpages\u002Fvignette-actu-esprit-critique-66.webp","image\u002Fwebp",26624,500,"esprit-critique-thumbnail-UF5Fbs.webp","2026-09-09T10:33:14+02:00",{"id":23,"name":24,"alt":10,"caption":10,"url":25,"mime_type":17,"size":26,"width":27,"height":28,"file_name":29,"created_at":21},67,"visuel-actu-esprit-critique","\u002Fimages\u002Fpages\u002Fvisuel-actu-esprit-critique-67.webp",63026,1280,720,"esprit-critique-header-VMeDay.webp",{"title":8,"description":9,"excerpt":31,"ogImage":10,"ogMedia":10,"thumbnailImage":32,"headerImage":33,"slug":5,"tag":34,"category":35,"date":39,"year":40,"publishedAt":41,"updatedAt":42,"noIndex":11,"contentHash":43},"Selon le Baromètre de l’esprit critique 2026 réalisé par Viavoice pour Universcience, trois Français sur quatre estiment avoir un esprit critique développé. Dans un monde où le flot d’informations est continu et où chacun est confronté à une multitude de points de vue, cette confiance peut rassurer. Mais derrière cette notion largement valorisée, que signifie réellement penser par soi-même ?",{"id":14,"name":15,"alt":10,"caption":10,"url":16,"mime_type":17,"size":18,"width":19,"height":19,"file_name":20,"created_at":21},{"id":23,"name":24,"alt":10,"caption":10,"url":25,"mime_type":17,"size":26,"width":27,"height":28,"file_name":29,"created_at":21},"Parole d’expert",{"id":36,"name":34,"slug":37,"color":38},2,"parole-d-expert","White","2026-09-14T00:00:00+02:00","2026","2026-09-16T15:47:19+02:00","2026-09-16T15:47:20+02:00","637c8b2610fc5306dc1493f7273b8e04b1e73302e527e081ba8cd6ea84607d6d","post",[46],{"id":47,"component":48,"props":49,"children":55},"node_5noyzb7qcmt9xlnkk","OSection",{"as":50,"id":10,"background":51,"width":52,"asTopWave":11,"asBottomWave":11,"hasFlower":11,"hasVerticalPadding":53,"hasTopPadding":53,"hasBottomPadding":53,"waveColor":54},"section","transparent","container",true,"neutral-100",[56],{"id":57,"component":58,"props":59,"children":63},"node_peiop2n4emt9xlqw3","OContainerGrid",{"columns":60,"columnsMd":60,"columnsLg":60,"verticalAlignCenter":11,"centerLastRowSingleItem":11,"as":61,"slotCount":62},1,"div",0,[64,119,181,242,336,406],{"id":65,"component":66,"props":67,"children":118,"slot":62},"node_zkwp0i713mt9xmq2j","ATextZone",{"content":68},[69,75,81,87,108,113],{"tag":70,"attrs":71,"children":72},"h2",[],[73],{"text":74},"L'esprit critique, une valeur sociale",{"tag":76,"attrs":77,"children":78},"p",[],[79],{"text":80},"76 % des Français considèrent avoir l’esprit critique. 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En faire preuve est généralement perçu comme une qualité.",{"tag":76,"attrs":114,"children":115},{"class":83},[116],{"text":117},"Mais derrière l’importance symbolique de cette notion, les définitions divergent.",[],{"id":120,"component":66,"props":121,"children":180,"slot":62},"node_tdrbbrdonmt9zx99v",{"content":122},[123,128,133,151,156,160,164,175],{"tag":70,"attrs":124,"children":125},[],[126],{"text":127},"Un même mot, des visions différentes",{"tag":76,"attrs":129,"children":130},[],[131],{"text":132},"Interrogés sur ce que signifie l’esprit critique, les Français citent en priorité la capacité à :",{"tag":88,"attrs":134,"children":135},[],[136,141,146],{"tag":92,"attrs":137,"children":138},[],[139],{"text":140},"raisonner de manière logique et rationnelle (47 %) ;",{"tag":92,"attrs":142,"children":143},[],[144],{"text":145},"s’informer avant de prendre position (46 %) ;",{"tag":92,"attrs":147,"children":148},[],[149],{"text":150},"ou encore échanger avec des personnes qui ne pensent pas comme eux (44 %).",{"tag":76,"attrs":152,"children":153},[],[154],{"text":155}," ",{"tag":76,"attrs":157,"children":158},[],[159],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":161,"children":162},[],[163],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":165,"children":166},{"class":83},[167,169,171,173,174],{"text":168},"En revanche, seuls 15 % associent l’esprit critique à la capacité de se méfier de ses propres intuitions ou certitudes.",{"tag":170},"br",{"text":172},"Pourtant, l’intuition peut jouer des tours. Dans l’ouvrage « Thinking, Fast and Slow », le psychologue Daniel Kahneman montre que nos décisions et nos jugements reposent souvent sur des mécanismes de pensée rapides et intuitifs. Ces raccourcis mentaux, utiles au quotidien, peuvent néanmoins conduire à des erreurs d’appréciation et à différents biais cognitifs. Comme celui de croire une idée fausse, car elle est plus facile à traiter par notre cerveau.",{"tag":170},{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":176,"children":177},{"class":83},[178],{"text":179},"Tout l’enjeu pour bien exercer son esprit critique, consiste donc à interroger nos propres biais, nos réflexes de pensée et nos convictions les plus ancrées.",[],{"id":182,"component":66,"props":183,"children":241,"slot":62},"node_8l7xtjptumtiofs4y",{"content":184},[185,190,194,198,202,207,212,217,221,225,229,234],{"tag":70,"attrs":186,"children":187},[],[188],{"text":189},"Penser par soi-même dans un monde saturé d’informations",{"tag":76,"attrs":191,"children":192},[],[193],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":195,"children":196},[],[197],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":199,"children":200},[],[201],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":203,"children":204},[],[205],{"text":206},"Jamais dans l'histoire nous n'avons eu accès à autant de contenus… Chaque jour, les réseaux sociaux, les moteurs de recherche, les médias et les applications de messagerie nous exposent à un flux continu d'informations.",{"tag":76,"attrs":208,"children":209},[],[210],{"text":211},"Cette abondance ne facilite pas toujours la compréhension. Elle peut, au contraire, rendre plus difficile la distinction entre faits, opinions, émotions, croyances et interprétations.",{"tag":76,"attrs":213,"children":214},[],[215],{"text":216},"Conséquence : certains préfèrent ne plus s’informer.",{"tag":76,"attrs":218,"children":219},[],[220],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":222,"children":223},[],[224],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":226,"children":227},[],[228],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":230,"children":231},[],[232],{"text":233},"Dans son Digital News Report 2025, le Reuters Institute observe en effet une progression des phénomènes de surcharge informationnelle. Quatre personnes sur dix déclarent éviter, parfois ou souvent, l'actualité.",{"tag":76,"attrs":235,"children":236},[],[237,239,240],{"text":238},"Sans accès à l’information, impossible de hiérarchiser, contextualiser et confronter les points de vue. La condition sine qua non pour faire de l’esprit critique un rempart contre la désinformation.",{"tag":170},{"text":155},[],{"id":243,"component":66,"props":244,"children":335,"slot":62},"node_cwkj24ozhmtiok6s2",{"content":245},[246,251,255,259,263,268,272,276,280,285,289,293,297,308,313,318,322,326,330],{"tag":70,"attrs":247,"children":248},[],[249],{"text":250},"De l’esprit critique à la méfiance",{"tag":76,"attrs":252,"children":253},[],[254],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":256,"children":257},[],[258],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":260,"children":261},[],[262],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":264,"children":265},[],[266],{"text":267},"Le rapport publié en 2025 par le Reuters Institute est sans appel : seulement 40 % des répondants déclarent faire confiance à l’information dans leur pays.",{"tag":76,"attrs":269,"children":270},[],[271],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":273,"children":274},[],[275],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":277,"children":278},[],[279],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":281,"children":282},[],[283],{"text":284},"Cette défiance envers les médias traditionnels est également relevée dans le baromètre de l’esprit critique 2026 qui soulève un paradoxe central : les sources d’information auxquelles les Français accordent le plus de confiance (TV, presse écrit, radio) sont de moins en moins utilisées.",{"tag":76,"attrs":286,"children":287},[],[288],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":290,"children":291},[],[292],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":294,"children":295},[],[296],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":298,"children":299},[],[300,302,303,305,306],{"text":301},"Ces derniers leur préfèrent :",{"tag":170},{"text":304},"•    les réseaux sociaux (consultés par 30 % des Français et 57 % des 15-24 ans)",{"tag":170},{"text":307},"•    et Internet (utilisé pour s’informer par 60 % des Français).",{"tag":76,"attrs":309,"children":310},[],[311],{"text":312},"Pourtant, le fonctionnement de ces plateformes numériques n’est pas forcément propice au développement de l’esprit critique.",{"tag":76,"attrs":314,"children":315},[],[316],{"text":317},"Les algorithmes tendent en effet à nous exposer davantage à des contenus susceptibles de confirmer nos centres d'intérêt, nos préférences ou nos convictions. Les chercheurs parlent de « bulles de filtres » ou de « chambres d'écho », qui peuvent limiter la confrontation à la diversité des opinions.",{"tag":76,"attrs":319,"children":320},[],[321],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":323,"children":324},[],[325],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":327,"children":328},[],[329],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":331,"children":332},[],[333],{"text":334},"Le risque n'est alors plus seulement de croire une fausse information, mais aussi de perdre progressivement l'habitude de la nuance et de la contradiction.",[],{"id":337,"component":66,"props":338,"children":405,"slot":62},"node_8nse812ifmtiol4vs",{"content":339},[340,345,349,353,357,362,366,370,374,388,392,396,400],{"tag":70,"attrs":341,"children":342},[],[343],{"text":344},"Apprendre à comprendre",{"tag":76,"attrs":346,"children":347},[],[348],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":350,"children":351},[],[352],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":354,"children":355},[],[356],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":358,"children":359},[],[360],{"text":361},"Pour faire face à ce risque de désinformation et de méfiance généralisée, de nombreuses expérimentations émergent partout en France.",{"tag":76,"attrs":363,"children":364},[],[365],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":367,"children":368},[],[369],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":371,"children":372},[],[373],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":375,"children":376},[],[377,379,380,382,383,385,386],{"text":378},"•    Les programmes d'éducation aux médias et à l'information se développent dans les établissements scolaires.",{"tag":170},{"text":381},"•    Des associations proposent des ateliers de décryptage de l'information, des débats citoyens ou des accompagnements aux usages numériques.",{"tag":170},{"text":384},"•    D'autres initiatives favorisent les échanges intergénérationnels afin de confronter les expériences et les points de vue.",{"tag":170},{"text":387},"•    Les bibliothèques, les centres culturels, les tiers-lieux ou encore certaines structures d'éducation populaire deviennent également des espaces où il est possible d'apprendre à vérifier une source, distinguer un fait d'une opinion ou comprendre les mécanismes de fabrication de l'information.",{"tag":76,"attrs":389,"children":390},[],[391],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":393,"children":394},[],[395],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":397,"children":398},[],[399],{"text":155},{"tag":76,"attrs":401,"children":402},[],[403],{"text":404},"Dans toutes ces démarches, l'enjeu ne consiste pas seulement à transmettre des connaissances. 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